Sample Case Studies - gcunursing.com

We are the best essay writing company. Our services include but not limited to case studies below:

Case Study: Lyme Disease

The Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes

The presenting symptoms are typical for Lyme Disease. This condition is caused Borrelia burgdorferi. The bacterium is transmitted through a bite by an infected black-legged tick. According to Skar et al. (2022), the first symptom associated with Lyme disease is the erythema migraines rash. This symptom is typically found in 70% to 80% of all patients who develop Lyme disease. It initially appears at the site following the tick bite. It develops as an expanding erythematous skin lesion with a diameter measuring around five centimeters, in some instances, the erythema presents in a homogenous fashion or may display as a targetoid. The rash commonly appears one to two weeks following with bite.

The disease-causing bacteria may invade other tissues and the body such as the joint causing Lyme arthritis. Knee tenderness and arthritic pain revealed during the physical examination indicate the late-stage manifestation of Lyme disease. According to Skar et al. (2022), neurological manifestations stand at a prevalence between 10% to 15%. Additionally, cardiac involvement occurs in around 1% to 2% of the patients who develop Lyme disease.

Racial/Ethnic Variables

Lyme disease show no significant association with the ethnic or racial factor. However, the factors that differ across the racial groups including the preferences in outdoor activities which are hiding grounds for ticks can inform the difference in lime disease prevalence across the groups. Generally, the disease is considered disproportionately higher among white people due to the high risk of exposure. Fix et al. (2000) found that white patients were highly likely to have erythema migraines and less likely to develop arthritis compared to their African American counterparts. The difference is prevalence is rooted in the risk of exposure.

Early disease diagnosis and initiation of the treatment helps in addressing this condition. Starke et al. (2023) found that black patients with Lyme disease has longer median time to the initiation of appropriate antibiotic treatment compared to patients from other races. This factor can influence the disease burden as the bacteria invades other body parts if left untreated.

ORDER NOW

Process Interactions to Affect the Patient

The process begins with a tick bite and the development of erythema migraines. If the disease is left untreated, the bacteria attacks other body parts causing infections. For instance, in the joints it can cause Lyme arthritis (Skar et al., 2022). The body response mechanism begging with inflammation is manifested through tenderness and pain in the affected part, the presence of antibodies against the causative agent can be detected through the antibody test. This test is a key instrument to confirming the Lyme disease diagnosis.

Conclusion

The symptoms presented in the case study are positive for Lyme disease. Particular, late stage disease manifestation when the disease causing bacteria has travelled to other parts causing further infection. Apart from the arthritic symptoms reported in the case study. Lyme disease may also have cognitive manifestations. The findings from literature indicate that the ethnic factor does not directly influence Lyme disease risk or prevalence. However, the risk of exposure is determined by the taste in outdoor activities especially in an environment where the infected pathogen carriers are found. That explains why the white people may have high prevalence of Lyme disease compared to other races.

References

Fix, A. D., Peña, C. A., & Strickland, G. T. (2000). Racial differences in reported Lyme disease incidence. American Journal of Epidemiology, 152(8), 756-759. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/152.8.756

Skar, G. L., & Simonsen, K. A. (2022). Lyme Disease–Statpearls–NCBI Bookshelf. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431066/

Starke, S. J., Rebman, A. W., Miller, J., Yang, T., & Aucott, J. N. (2023). Time to Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease by Patient Race. JAMA Network Open, 6(12), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.47184

WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT TOPIC/CASE STUDY

Scenario 1: A 48-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of low-grade fever, fatigue, headache, and arthritic pain in his knees in the last few weeks. Approximately 8 months ago he reports that he had a tick bite but did not receive any treatment. He had a small red rash at that time but was without other symptoms. The patient’s vital signs: His BP is 118/84, pulse is 74, resp 18, regular and non-labored, pulse ox 98%, and temp 98.4F. Physical exam reveals no rashes or abnormal neurological processes. The patient reports tenderness to both knees upon palpation. Diagnostic testing reveals positive antibody test for B. burgdorferi. Based on this result and exam findings the patient is given a diagnosis of Lyme disease.

WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT

To prepare:

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

The Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

The musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.
Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
How these processes interact to affect the patient

Order Now

Case study: swollen hand and feet in a 21-month-old.

1 . Identify 3–5 possible conditions that may be considered in a differential diagnosis for the patient. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses. List them from highest priority to lowest.

2. Consider the patient’s diagnosis. Think about clinical guidelines that might support this diagnosis.

3. Develop a treatment plan for the patient that includes health promotion and patient education strategies for patients with renal and genitourinary conditions and their families.

Pls uses these.
Primary Diagnosis: anemia, sickle cell
o Differential Diagnoses:

1. Septic Arthritis

2. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

3. Reactive Arthritis:

o Consider the patient’s diagnosis. Think about clinical guidelines that might support this diagnosis.

Develop a treatment plan for the patient that includes health promotion and patient education strategies for patients with renal and genitourinary conditions and their families

Case Study

Swollen hands and feet in a 21 month old.

Primary diagnosis

Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle cell anemia is a disease of the red blood cells (RBC). RBC contains hemoglobin that carriers the oxygen in the blood. When healthy, RBCs appear round and can easily move in the blood vessels carrying blood to various parts of the body. In people with sickle cell disease, the hemoglobin is abnormal. It assumes the C-shape and become sticky and hard thus undermining its role in the transportation of blood (Tisdale et al., 2020). Also, this condition result to shortage of RBCs because the sickle cells often die early. The RBCs get stuck and clog the small blood vessels due to the change in shape and their sticky characteristic. The patient develops symptoms such as pain and other health conditions such as acute stroke or infection. Pertinent positive symptoms include swollen hands and feet.

Differential Diagnoses

Septic Arthritis

This condition affects the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues. Septic arthritis is caused by a variety of pathogens including bacteria funding and viruses. The pathogens travel through the blood stream reaching other body parts (Tisdale et al., 2020). An injury penetrating the skin such as an animal bite and or a trauma can also lead to pathogen transmission.

This condition is highly common among infants and older adults than other populations. Persons with artificial joints also have an elevated risk of developing septic arthritis. Prompt treatment intervention is highly desired because the infection may spread to cartilage or bones causing further complications ((Tisdale et al., 2020). Pertinent positive symptoms include the joint pain and swelling. However, this diagnosis is ruled out because the patient denies redness and warmth which are typical primary symptoms of septic arthritis,

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Juvenile arthritis is common type of arthritis among children aged below 16 years. It causes persistent pain in the joints and stiffening. In some cases, the patient develops serious complications including damage in the joints and eye inflammation (Zaripova et al., 2021). Pertinent positive symptoms include swollen hands and feet. However, this diagnosis is ruled out because the patient denies other primary symptoms of juvenile arthritis including rash, stiffness and pain.

Reactive Arthritis

Reactive arthritis occurs as a result of an infection. However, it is not contagious. This disease commonly develops among people aged between 20 and 50 years. Swollen and hand and feet are positive symptoms (Wendling et al., 2020). However, this diagnosis is ruled out because the patient is a 21 month old with no history of an infection that may have caused reactive arthritis.

Plan

Hydroxyurea given orally once per day, 15 mg/Kg. Tshilolo et al. (2019) found that this therapy led to increased hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin levels. Hence, it is effective in addressing sickle cell anemia in this case.

Acetaminophen-3.75 mL given orally four times a day. This medication is administered to alleviate pain.

Patient Education

Your child has been diagnosed with sickle cell enema., This condition is associated with the swelling in hands and feet. Children with this condition are highly susceptible to various infections. Thus, it is important to ensure the child is always up to date with age-appropriate vaccinations to alleviate the risk of preventable diseases. Additional vaccinations including pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines are required. Ensure the child remains well hydrated always to prevent dehydration and to lower the risk of pain and crises. Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures. These conditions can elevate the risk of sickle cell pain and crisis. Provide the child a healthy diet including fruits and vegetables to provide the body the necessary nutrients to from red blood cells. Ensure the child is not exposed to tobacco smoke since it can also increase the risk of pain ad crisis. Learn more about sickle cell anemia through the resources given to make informed decisions about the disease and understand the coping mechanisms.

Follow-up

Report to the clinic after 2 months for further physical assessment and tests.

References

Tisdale, J. F., Thein, S. L., & Eaton, W. A. (2020). Treating sickle cell anemia. Science, 367(6483), 1198-1199. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba3827

Tshilolo, L., Tomlinson, G., Williams, T. N., Santos, B., Olupot-Olupot, P., Lane, A., Aygun, B., Stuber, S. E., Latham, T. S., McGann, P. T., Ware, R. E., & REACH Investigators (2019). Hydroxyurea for Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Sub-Saharan Africa. The New England Journal of Medicine, 380(2), 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1813598

Wendling, D., Prati, C., Chouk, M., & Verhoeven, F. (2020). Reactive arthritis: treatment challenges and future perspectives. Current Rheumatology Reports, 22, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-020-00904-9

Zaripova, L. N., Midgley, A., Christmas, S. E., Beresford, M. W., Baildam, E. M., & Oldershaw, R. A. (2021). Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: from aetiopathogenesis to therapeutic approaches. Pediatric Rheumatology, 19(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-021-00629-8

We are the best essay writing company. Our services include but not limited to case studies below:

Case study: swollen hand and feet in a 21-month-old.

Disclaimer

Quick Links

Contact Us

We Accept